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  • Can a pilot plant refining process improve the quality of palm oil?
  • Nonetheless, as mentioned before, upscaling the pilot plant refining methods into full-scale resulted in a refined palm oil with good color and FFA concentration.
  • What is the mitigation strategy for GE in palm oil?
  • Mitigation strategies for 2-, 3-MCPDE, and GE in palm oil were successfully tested on pilot plant. Double refining is an effective mitigation strategy for GE. Secondary degumming and bleaching processes are crucial for the mitigation of GE. A low secondary deodorization temperature prevents new GE formation.
  • What is palm oil refining industry?
  • The palm oil refining industry has witnessed a commendable growth in recent decades and thus, has emerged as one of the vital manufacturing sectors in the world. Further, it has gradually become the most abundant traded vegetable oil in the world, owing to the growing demand.
  • How to determine oxidation stability of palm oil products?
  • Determination of the oxidation stability of palm oil products can be effected through methods for the measurement of induction times. The measured induction time characterizes the resistance of the oils to oxidation. In addition to the term induction time, the expression Oil Stability Index (OSI) is also commonly used.
  • Does palm oil refining increase cost per weight?
  • These mitigation strategies will lead to increased total costs per weight refined palm oil than for example a traditional single physical refining. However, exact financial statements and calculations of the costs of the proposed refining scheme are beyond the aim of this study. 4. Conclusions
  • Does palm oil need a refining process?
  • However, the crude palm oil that has been extracted contains unwanted impurities and requires a refining process to partially or eliminate them to produce edible oil. In the current scenario, palm oil is widely used in tropical countries in South East Asia, Africa, and parts of Brazil for cooking purposes.